For the followers of indigenous faith, ones health status is not balanced without the nature-spirit connection. hb```DV cc`aa,z0wCV)M\yZT"dRUG>!^pJ4*IHm4 #W}Lg``T PA&cqhd' -`A=L7ppv. What are the cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria Theories of disease causation..ppt 1. A deeper understanding of the communitys ill-health beliefs is needed to inform the design and implementation of primary health-care services. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. Indigenous people often believe that Western trained doctors are not equipped to address their concerns which are can include spiritual as well as physical concerns [2]. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Epub 2021 Nov 26. Bareilly, UP, India. The study participants also associate illness with unfavourable conditions of the environment (e.g., poor sanitation), infection, poverty and lack of food, as well as biological (e.g., aging, genetics) and psychological causes such as stress and worry. The study communities rejoiced in their culture of eating together and sharing with those in need. Learning from strangers: the art and method of qualitative interview studies. It involves praising and glorifying the sky-god and seeking his spiritual assistance to ward off evil. Ethiop J Health Dev. Would you like email updates of new search results? Having God/Allah in ones life was thought to lead to health and wellbeing. Study participants were adults over 30years of age identified by health extension workers in the area to be knowledgeable about local health traditions who were willing to participate in a conversation about their health. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Data were analyzed thematically using narrative strategies. 2022 Apr;13(2):183-191. doi: 10.1007/s12687-021-00543-2. A high level of its acceptance was responsible for the progress in fathoming the nature of diseases leading to a significant decline in the proliferation of diseases. The majority of participants in the study stated that the human body may malfunction due to old age or due to injuries sustained from accidents. Poverty in general was identified as leading to poor health: If a person has a low income, then he would be weak. Tehuledere was selected for the study because of the rich and unique indigenous medicinal beliefs, and practices in the area. Altern Ther Health Med. It would seem that any apprehensiveness is likely to have been eased, by the generally friendly and mutually respectful rapport most people have with their respective health extension workers. These postulates enabled the germ theory of disease to achieve dominance in medicine over other theories, such as humors and miasma. This broad category includes five distinct types of natural causes of illness: infection, stress, organic deterioration, accident, and overt human aggression. Pre-modern era theories of Disease causation: Religions often attributed disease outbreaks or other misfortunes to divine retribution - punishment for mankind's sins. Ann N Y Acad Sci. Respecting autonomous decision making among Filipinos: a re-emphasis in genetic counseling. In total 20 individuals, with age range of 3775 years old, participated in in-depth interviews including 11 men and 9 women. They described how lack of enough nutritious food makes people susceptible to infections and diseases. Participatory observation, over a total of 5months during the span of one year, was supplemented by focus group discussions (n=96 participants in 10 groups) and in-depth interviews (n=20) conducted with key informants. As predominantly rural Woreda, most inhabitants rely on farming. Lidell highlights how these beliefs are so central to the indigenous people that they may contribute to the mistrust of government-built health facilities if they insist on maintaining a purely secular, bio-medical approach to health and illness. 2015;12:140421. http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.140421. This study further underscores the need to incorporate folk theories of disease causation, gender and malaria issues into malaria control strategies in order to improve their coverage and effectiveness in different contexts. Environmental sanitation is one key cause of illnesses that was recognized by all participants: The water around the lake has altered its nature. So if there is no peace at home, there will be no health [Female, Study Community # 4]. Belief in God or Allah was extremely prevalent in the study communities. One way to provide a bridge between the indigenous beliefs in supernatural causes of illness causation of the study community and health education based on modern science appears to be the health extension workers who have knowledge of both worlds. Even when a pathogen is the principal cause of a disease, environmental and hereditary factors often influence the severity of the disease, and whether a potential host individual becomes infected when exposed to the pathogen. A successful integrated primary health care strategy should include strategies for supporting patients needs in all three of these domains. 0 Foster GM. A. supernatural theory of disease ecological theory germ theory multifactorial causation theory no unanimous opinion at least 10% of the people in developed countries and 30% in developing countries still believe in supernatural origin even today superstitions are becoming major obstacles in disease control most of the literates view that disease . By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. The outlook regarding disease causation has changed considerably with time and advancements in science. %%EOF 2005;60:691700. Ali A. Google Scholar. Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. The relevance of traditional medicinal cultures to modern primary health care. The researcher was also able to make substantial observations of local activities such as rituals, festivities, public gatherings involving health practices, and converse informally with community members. This leads to situations where the practical implementation of primary health care is inhibited because it does not take into account the indigenous communities world view. Anthropological approaches to the study of ethnomedicine. In total, 96 people participated in focus groups. power point presentation, Epidemiology and preventive veterinary medicine.docx1, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, University of Amsterdam and University College London, Herbal Antimicrobials to Counter AMR.pptx. Positive correlation is when you observe A increasing and B increases as well. According to this theory, it is important to distinguish between beliefs about the natural and supernatural causes of illness and disease. Germ theory emerged in the 19th Century, but it built on two notions that had earlier incarnations. Five rural communities (one from each of the five Kebeles) were included in the study. For the study communities, a culture of social trust was central to their identity, and they believed this was directly connected to the health of the body. Of the 54 accidental deaths, 31 (57%) were caused by RTAs. 125"128. They also talked about how eating spoiled food or inappropriate foods led to illness such as getting diarrhea from consuming raw sorghum (Tinkish), or Kolo (roasted sorghum). 67 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9CBDF83AEDA7B54FAC1C495BB4C505DE><9CCE578C2D590642B3842131A939A278>]/Index[36 58]/Info 35 0 R/Length 139/Prev 453987/Root 37 0 R/Size 94/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream (3) ecosocial theory and related multi-level frameworks. Mystical causes are often attributed to experiences or behaviors such as ancestral retribution for unfinished tasks or obligations. In Ethiopia, people use indigenous medical systems as an alternative health care service along with the biomedical health services [1, 6]. Homosexual Mathematician Who Rescued the World Still Died In Disgrace: The Br Configuration of audiogram_de6f98ffd3d657e86d774387bbfaf319.pdf, Science-What-do-plants-need-to-grow-PowerPoint.pptx, Associative_Memory_Neural_Networks_pptx.pptx, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. Published 1 October 1921. The ascription of misfortunes to natural objects pervaded by spirits seems to have been prevalent where by sicknesses, epidemic or contagious diseases and even death were explained in terms of punishment by enraged spirits. Federal Ministry of Health. Functionalists also study culture in terms of values. We consider people who travel at this wrong time bad, harmful, killers and thieves or people into something tricky. Principal Scientist & Act. Bryman A. WHO. Correspondence to A second well respected ritual spirit, articulated in all five female focus groups as a spirit for health, is Chelle. Chelle is regarded as a goddess of fecundity, whose power is associated with fertility of women, maintenance of a healthy family, and acquisition of a good harvest. Antonitto A. New York: The Free Press; 1994. Issues identified with administration and bureaucratic frameworks dont fit well with indigenous ill-health beliefs. In addition, they shared beliefs about natural causes of illness such as infection or lack of nutrition. Ideas about illness causation may include such ideas as breach of taboo, soul loss, germs, upset in the hot-cold balance of the body, or a weakening of the body's immune system. Multifactorial causation of disease theory was proposed by Pettenkofer. Human supernatural agents, such as Sihir or Woliy, Qallicha, Abagar and Debtera, are believed by the Tehuledere people to be an embodiment of higher spirits capable of casting a spell resulting in ill health. Foster M, Anderson B. A photography exhibition to highlight the impact rare diseases can have on families has gone on display. Supernatural explanations also dominated the discourse of ill-health causation in our study. Disclaimer. A belief of disease causation where it is thought illness is caused by misbehavior or intervention of a supernatural being. All qualitative data from participant observations, in-depth interviews, fieldwork, personal memos and informal conversations were organized using NVivo 10 computer software. 13. Mesfin H, Teferi G, Heather B. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. The majority of participants had community health insurance (n=76), which was being implemented in the community the year in which data collection occurred. A Descriptive and Phenomenological Exploration of the Spiritual Needs of Chinese Children Hospitalized with Cancer. Bookshelf Therefore, the explanatory model of illness causation in this community was very similar to that of the Murdock model with one key difference: social elements need to be added to the model. The five study communities, selected were: Gobeya, Godguadit, Bededo, Jari and Muti-Belg. Tap here to review the details. Theory of web of causation was given by Mc Mohan and Pugh. The culture of the Tehuledere region reflects a mix of pre-Christian indigenous beliefs, as well as Christian, Muslim and migrant Cushitic Oromo (largest ethnic groups in Ethiopia) influences. Not everyone finds it easy to do the exercise recommended by the NHS - two out of three people say they do less than 150 mins (2.5 hours) of moderate exercise and fewer than one in 10 manage more . In: StatPearls [Internet]. As noted in other studies, effective primary care requires that all health care providers and policy makers take culture and traditional into account [20]. Google Scholar. The womens focus group discussion was meant to allow women to freely and informally discuss their perceptions of illness causation, without any socio-cultural inhibitions, (for example religious prohibitions) which might have inhibited the women from speaking on specific topics if men had been included in the group. Development over the centuries of Human Civilization concepts of disease causation remained transforming and still not reached the perfection. BEINGS Model of disease causation includes Spiritual factors , Social factors & Nutritional factors. [Female, Study Community # 3]. infectious disease, malaria, traditional cultural views, burden of disease, gender, folk model. Just as members of a society work together to fulfill a society's needs, culture exists to meet its members' social and personal needs. Epub 2022 Jan 25. Following introductory discussions with community leaders/representatives, ten focus group discussion sessions (one all male and one all-female in each kebele) were conducted. and Diagnosis . In these communities, illness is perceived to have supernatural (e.g., almighty God/ Allah, nature spirits, and human agents of the supernatural), natural (e.g., environmental sanitation and personal hygiene, poverty, biological and psychological factors) and societal causes (e.g., social trust, experiences of family support and harmony; and violation of social taboos). Epub 2022 Jan 7. Miller addresses in a coherent and thoughtful way the problems faced by the Westerner who seeks to study African literature without colonizing that discourse. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press; 1980. These forces are believed to have unlimited power. This study highlights the importance of respecting beliefs related to the supernatural causes of illness and acknowledging relevant rituals where possible into biomedical health care settings. However, the capacity to execute and give expanded resources to support the sustainable utilization of indigenous medicine and implement health strategies that take into account indigenous ill-health beliefs is constrained. There are an estimated 100 million malaria cases with over 300,000 deaths per year in Nigeria. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The practice of epidemiology. Ulin PR, Segall MH, editors. Personalistic Causes In: Fox JP, Hall CE, Elveback LR, editors. Epidemiology: man and disease. Wilson. A. Named for the village of Nok, site of some of the finds, the ancient culture produced fine terra-cotta figurines, which were accidentally discovered by tin miners on the Jos Plateau in the 1930s. Table 1 presents the Filipino words depicting the cultural beliefs and their corresponding English translation. To act in this capacity qolle must be acknowledged and shown respect through appropriate rituals such as scarification of goats, respecting the local customs and values, etc., the spirit of the qolle are good for keeping relatives safe from harm and maintain health [Male, Study Community # 3]. This paper tries to summarise these changing perceptions of disease causation and provide a comprehensive overview. Familial ectrodactyly syndrome in a Nigerian child: a case report. These discoveries and a host of others at the turn of the century marked a turning point in our aetiological concepts. Many natural objects were believed to be capable of mediating between the supreme deity and the ordinary humans. 2022 Apr;10(4):893-900. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.01.010. 2011; 26 (4):275-278. doi: 10.5001 . Study participants explained that they believe that if a person violates the required norms, his/her health will be in danger: If a person makes an oath in front of the Abegar with his hands on the Rekebot /an indigenous spot made of mud soil in which isen is served or place of truth/,and then tell lies, he will face problems. Full Text: PDF. Nature spirit- in Tehuledere, is the belief in qolle or quteb, wodaja, mewokel and chele spirits that is, venerating certain natural objects as sacred and the abode of spirits. Each transcript was coded line by line and these codes were organized into higher-order conceptual themes. The results of this study were based on a sample of purposively selected participants who identified as individual from Tehuledere community. It states thatmicroorganismsknown aspathogensor germs can lead to disease. This study found that among the Tehuledere there are a wide range of perceptions regarding the causation of illness. BMC Public Health J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. Ottawa 1986: The Fulcrum of Global Health Development. Interviews lasted 11.25h, were conducted in the informants private homes or while sitting in public spaces in the villages (See Additional file 1 for the complete interview guide). However, others acknowledge that indigenous medicine should be embraced as an important part of health care systems in indigenous communities [35]. 1988 Dec;4(4):160-3. doi: 10.1177/089033448800400409. Dr. Deborah Birx, who was the Trump White House's Covid coordinator for the first year of the pandemic, told CNN on Tuesday morning that reports that one of the Department of Energy's National . The discoveries of Pasteur and Koch confirmed the germ theory of disease. Because if he lies and then touches the Rekebot, he will have skin disease; his child or cattle will die [Male, Study Community # 2]. 2022 Jun;46(6):1437-1438. doi: 10.1007/s00264-022-05395-0. In the early past, the disease was thought mainly due to either the curse of god or due to the evil force of the demons. 1983. p. 155. Biomedical health care institutions and policies often do not recognize the important role indigenous ill-health beliefs and medicinal knowledge plays in rural health care, especially in developing countries. Notwithstanding our explanations in regards to the studys academic nature and specific objectives, some community members could have perceived the study as a government supported activity. This paper argues that disease etiology is the key to cross-cultural comparison of non- Western medical systems. We would like to thank the study participants and Tehuledere Woreda Health Bereau staff, as well as our research assistants for their great support to facilitate the data collection of study. 4th ed. The beliefs and perceptions of ill-health are influenced by the socio-cultural context and indigenous healers, who form an alternative health service in many societies, may compete with biomedical health services, especially if they are perceived as the best way to address specific health concerns [1]. In 1877, Robert Koch (1843-1910) showed that anthrax was caused by a bacteria. These two ideas were fully appreciated . hbbd```b`` (0 (d9 lz`&&$ D&2$#dB@@lHDIe7sL@o30"? Dime (1995:30-31) argues that the diagnosis of diseases in an African traditional healing system is a twofold event. This paper therefore is aimed at examining the causes and consequences of rapid erosion of cultural values in nigeria. 2023 The Biology Notes. In this framework, natural causes include beliefs that the impairment of health is a physiological consequence of some experience of the victim that is consistent with Western biomedicine. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan. 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Sample of purposively selected participants who identified as individual from Tehuledere Community health: If a person has low! That was recognized by all participants: the art and method of interview... ; 10 ( 4 ):160-3. doi: 10.1007/s12687-021-00543-2 Jari and Muti-Belg time bad harmful. In: Fox JP, Hall CE, Elveback LR, editors autonomous decision among!

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