It is held every four years and began in 1963. Their definition includes American Samoa, Australia and their external territories, the Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, French Polynesia, Fiji, Guam, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, the Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Islands, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, and the United States Minor Outlying Islands (Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll, and Wake Island). A minority percentage of the population practices traditional religions. "[87] Rand McNally & Company, an American publisher of maps and atlases, claimed in 1892 that, "Oceania comprises the large island of Australia and the innumerable islands of the Pacific Ocean" and also that the islands of the Malay archipelago "should be grouped in with Asia. [67] The original UN definition of Oceania from 1947 included these same countries and semi-independent territories, which were mostly still colonies at that point. [68] The UN categorizes Oceania, and by extension the Pacific area, as one of the major continental divisions of the world, along with Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas. Two years later, Australia's Celebrity Survivor was filmed at the same location used by the U.S. Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Nauru and Palau all have no presence, primarily due to lack of infrastructure and logistical difficulties related to Micronesia's remoteness. [232][233], Melanesia, to the southwest, includes New Guinea, the world's second largest island after Greenland and by far the largest of the Pacific islands. [242], The geology of New Zealand is noted for its volcanic activity, earthquakes, and geothermal areas because of its position on the boundary of the Australian Plate and Pacific Plates. The most inclusivebut not always the most usefulembraces about 25,000 land areas between Asia and the Americas. Despite centuries of European influence, Samoa maintains its historical customs, social and political systems, and language. Modern-day Indigenous Australians are loosely related to Melanesians,[161][162] and Australia maintains political influence over Melanesia,[159] which is mostly located on the same tectonic plate. This is a growth of 150.0 percent in 61 years. [219], The Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar landed in the Marshall Islands in 1529. A population can . In the archaeological record there are well-defined traces of this expansion which allow the path it took to be followed and dated with some certainty. "[142] The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names (2017), by John Everett-Heath, states that Oceania is "a collective name for more than 10,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean" and that "it is generally accepted that Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and the islands north of Japan (the Kurils and Aleutians) are excluded. Oceania. In 2010, Australian historian Bronwen Douglas claimed in The Journal of Pacific History that "a strong case could be made for extending Oceania to at least Taiwan, the homeland of the Austronesian language family whose speakers colonized significant parts of the region about 6,000 years ago. [451], Vanuatu is the only country in Oceania to call association football its national sport. [411], New Zealand as a culture is a Western culture, which is influenced by the cultural input of the indigenous Mori and the various waves of multi-ethnic migration which followed the British colonisation of New Zealand. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [24][25] The islands of the Malay archipelago, north of Australia, mainly lie on the continental shelf of Asia, and their inhabitants had more exposure to mainland Asian culture as a result of this closer proximity. The rock art of Aboriginal Australians is the longest continuously practiced artistic tradition in the world. The islands are continental crust fragments thrusted away from Australia, caused by breakup of the eastern margin of Gondwanaland. Fishing provides a major industry for many of the smaller nations in the Pacific, although many fishing areas are exploited by other larger countries, namely Japan. [89] His definition of Polynesia included both Easter Island and Hawaii, which had not yet been annexed by either Chile or the United States. [227], Oceanian islands are of four basic types: continental islands, high islands, coral reefs and uplifted coral platforms. As recently as 33,000 years ago no human beings lived in the region, except in Australasia. For the 1943 Australian film, see, Kppen climate classification of selected regions in Oceania, Historical and contemporary interpretations, Green & Pawley, 1973, "Dating the Dispersal of the Oceanic Languages", Although based on a superficial understanding of the Pacific islanders, Dumont dUrvilles tripartite classification stuck. The human group that inhabits the continentis extremely varied in its customs and cultures, exhibiting an interesting diversity despite its very low population density rate. "[144] It has been theorized that the indigenous Jmon people of the Japanese archipelago are related to Austronesians, along with the indigenous inhabitants of the Ryukyu Islands. [114][115][60] According to scientific journal PLOS One, the Humboldt Current helps create a biogeographic barrier between the marine fauna of these islands and South America. One of the most dramatic is the Great Barrier Reef off northeastern Australia with chains of reef patches. Due to industrialization and the strategically favourable location between Asia and America, more and more colonies have been founded in the last 200 years, bringing mainly Chinese, Indian and Filipino inhabitants to the region. [74], French writer Gustave d'Eichthal remarked in 1844 that, "the boundaries of Oceania are in reality those of the great ocean itself. [72] In a 2008 article for the India Quarterly journal titled Oceania and Security: A Perspective from New Zealand, author Peter Cozens stated, "the region of Oceania is characterised by vast distances across the sea between continental land masses [] It is difficult to be precise about the term Oceania and its exact delimitation", adding that "the principal regional political grouping is contained within the Pacific Island Forum (PIF) - the 16 states making up the Forum are: Australia, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu - in general terms this is the area referred to as Oceania by the United Nations and similar agencies. [22][23][bettersourceneeded] The culture of the people who lived on these islands was often distinct from that of Asia and pre-Columbian America, hence a lack of association with either. These are: Guam, Hawaii, Christmas Island, Easter Island, Norfolk Island, Cocos Islands, Cook Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Pitcairn Islands, United States Minor Outlying Islands, French Polynesia, American Samoa, Wallis and Fortuna, Niue, New Caledonia, and Tokelau. [1] Table [ edit] Oceanian population by country (top 8). [281] November is the only month in which all the tropical cyclone basins are active. It includes Australia, the smallest continent in terms of total land area. In: Christidis, L., Boles, W., 2008. At 103million square kilometres (40,000,000sqmi), it is the largest tectonic plate. [280] In the tropical western Pacific, the monsoon and the related wet season during the summer months contrast with dry winds in the winter which blow over the ocean from the Asian landmass. The demographic table below shows the subregions and countries of geopolitical Oceania. [372], In 2003 alone, according to state government data, there were over 6.4 million visitors to the Hawaiian Islands with expenditures of over $10.6 billion. The Oceania group of continent/islands encompasses mainland Australia, Tasmania, island countries of New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Papua New Guinea. The ninth season of the reality TV series Survivor was filmed on Vanuatu, entitled Survivor: Vanuatu Islands of Fire. Asia, with more than 4.6 billion people, has the highest. [437][438][439][440] Rugby union is the most popular sport among New Zealanders,[441] and they are tied with South Africa for the most Rugby World Cup titles, having won the tournament three times. The ancestors of the Micronesians settled there over 4,000 years ago. For the continent, see, "South West Pacific" redirects here. Australia, New Zealand, and other nations took part in the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands between 2003 and 2017 after a request for aid. [337], Between 2001 and 2007 Australia's Pacific Solution policy transferred asylum seekers to several Pacific nations, including the Nauru detention centre. Some also theorize that Indigenous Australians are related to the Ainu people, who are the original inhabitants of Japan's Hokkaido, the Kuril Islands and the southern part of Sakhalin. The Indonesia subdivision consisted of the islands of the Malay archipelago, while the non-tropical islands were categorized as being North Pacific islands such as Alaska's Kodiak archipelago, the Aleutian Islands, Japan, the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin. [338], Archaeology, linguistics, and existing genetic studies indicate that Oceania was settled by two major waves of migration. [78] In 1887, the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland referred to Australia as the area's westernmost land,[79] while in 1870, British Reverend Alexander Mackay identified the Bonin Islands as its northernmost point, and Macquarie Island as its southernmost point. Hawaii is dominated by the Democratic Party. [67] These tropical islands are situated within the bounds of the Australian Plate and have been geographically associated with Southeast Asia, due to their proximity to western Indonesia. In the tropical and subtropical Pacific, the El Nio Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects weather conditions. [282], To the southwest of the region, in the Australian landmass, the climate is mostly desert or semi-arid, with the southern coastal corners having a temperate climate, such as oceanic and humid subtropical climate in the east coast and Mediterranean climate in the west. In 1946, Polynesians were granted French citizenship and the islands' status was changed to an overseas territory; the islands' name was changed in 1957 to Polynsie Franaise (French Polynesia). Koppers considered Oceania to encompass the entire 25,000 islands of the Pacific Ocean. Oceania is a region made up of thousands of islands throughout the Central and South Pacific Ocean. "[122] Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand and New Caledonia (which is geologically associated with New Zealand) were all excluded, as these areas are descendants of the ancient Pangaea supercontinent, along with landmasses such as the Americas and Afro-Eurasia. Climate change and military assault threatened population growth among these agricultural settlements. "[24], The Oxford Handbook of Prehistoric Oceania (2018) defined Oceania as only covering Austronesian-speaking islands in Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, with this definition including New Guinea and New Zealand. [247] Desert or semi-arid land commonly known as the outback makes up by far the largest portion of land. Hawaii also made a major contribution to country music with the introduction of the steel guitar. [178][179], Norfolk Island, an external territory of Australia, was inhabited in prehistoric times by either Melanesians or Polynesians, and is geographically adjacent to the islands of Melanesia. Population World Oceania Countries in Oceania by Population Oceania Countries by population (2022) Click on each country to view current estimates (live population clock), historical data, list of countries, and projected figures. High islands are of volcanic origin, and many contain active volcanoes. Currently operating APSTAR-5C, APSTAR-6C, APSTAR-7, APSTAR-9, and APSTAR-6D (operated by associated company APSatcom), APT Satellites has a satellite fleet covering Asia (including the Middle East), Oceania, Europe, and Africa, where 75% of the world's population lives. [240], Australia is part of the Indo-Australian plate and is the lowest, flattest, and oldest landmass on Earth[241] and it has had a relatively stable geological history. Geographic coordinates. In addition, its characteristics, religion, economy and more. "[112], The 1876 book The Countries of the World: Volume 4, by British scientist and explorer Robert Brown, labelled the Malay archipelago as Northwestern Oceania, but Brown still noted that these islands belonged more to the Asian continent. We do not have any contact with official entities nor do we intend to replace the information that they emit. The name Oceaniacomes from the Greekokeanos, which translates ocean, and was coined in 1812 by the Danish geographer Conrad Malte-Brun, although it is known from its native (Austronesian)culturesas early as the 2nd century BC Spanish and Portuguese navigators they were the first Europeans to arrive in the area, a prelude to a mainly French, British and then American colonization. [459][460], Australians view sport as an important part of their cultural identity, and the country performs well on the international stage, despite having a relatively small population. The predominant religion in Oceania is Christianity (73%). [465], Melbourne hosts the Australian Open every year, considered one of the four major Grand Slam tournaments in tennis. Tourism has been promoted, in part, by Vanuatu being the site of several reality-TV shows. "[95], Charles Marion Tyler's 1885 book The Island World of the Pacific Ocean considered Oceania to ethnographically encompass Australia, New Zealand, the Malay archipelago and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Oceania Population. [385] The New Zealand Parliament holds legislative power and consists of the King and the House of Representatives. The total population density, however, barely fluctuates between 2.8 and 3.4 inhabitants per square kilometer. Oceania. [186] They are believed to be among the earliest human migrations out of Africa. Main countries of Oceania With 24.8 million people the country of Australia makes up roughly 62 percent of the population of the continent of Oceania. The country has been broadened by globalisation and immigration specifically from Oceania, Europe, and Asia. [56] In his 2018 book Regionalism in South Pacific, Chinese author Yu Changsen wrote that some "stress a narrow vision of the Pacific as those Pacific Islands excluding Australia and even sometimes New Zealand", adding that the term Oceania "promotes a broader concept that has room for Australia and New Zealand. 1.4 million); except Auckland, all cities are located in Australia. [311][312] A 2011 survey found that 92% in Melanesia,[311] 93% in Micronesia[311] and 96% in Polynesia described themselves as Christians. [420] Distinctive ingredients or dishes include lamb; salmon; koura (crayfish);[421] whitebait; shellfish including dredge oysters, paua, mussels, scallops, pipi and tuatua;[422] kumara (sweet potato); kiwifruit; tamarillo; and pavlova (considered a national dish).[423][419]. "[49] Others have labelled it as the "liquid continent". From 1527 to 1595 a number of other large Spanish expeditions crossed the Pacific Ocean, leading to the arrival in Marshall Islands and Palau in the North Pacific, as well as Tuvalu, the Marquesas Islands, the Solomon Islands archipelago, the Cook Islands, and the Admiralty Islands in the South Pacific. Trends i. The most popular overall sport in Australia is cricket, with their national team having won the Cricket World Cup a record five times. cosmosmagazine.com - By any measure, Victoria has the highest COVID-19 mortality in Australia - in raw numbers, by case fatality and by population. [276], The birds of New Zealand evolved into an avifauna that included a large number of endemic species. Population: The population of the world is not evenly distributed among the continents. [452] The sole Micronesian country with membership in the OFC is Kiribati, although they are not recognized by FIFA like the other OFC members. [239] The oldest member disappearing by way of the plate tectonics cycle is early-Cretaceous (145 to 137 million years ago). Oceania's Share of World Pop: Total population as a percentage of total World Population as of July 1 of the year indicated. Vocabulary. including Australia, 31,377,000. However, the most popular usage excludes not only the Ryukyu, Kuril, and Aleutian islands and the Japanese archipelago but also islands that are historically closely related to the Asian mainland, such as Indonesia, Taiwan, and the Philippines. The South Pacific Forum was founded in 1971, which became the Pacific Islands Forum in 2000. The executive power is exercised by the government. Wallis and Futuna Islands would have the lowest population growth rate of -1.35%, which is also the lowest in the world. [126] The book defined Oceania's major subregions as being Australia, Indonesia (which included all areas associated with the Malay archipelago), Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. It additionally commented, "it is certainly not necessary to consider the Hawaiian Islands and Australia as being in the same part of the world, it is however permissible to unite in one group all the islands which are scattered over the great ocean. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Oceania-region-Pacific-Ocean, Globalseurity.org - Oceania Military Guide, National Geographic - Australia and Oceania: Physical Geography, Oceania - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Oceania - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The current population of Oceania is 44,124,398 as of Friday, February 24, 2023, based on the latest United Nations estimates. Brown wrote, "they lie nearest the American continent of all oceanic islands, and though rarely associated with Polynesia, and never appearing to have been inhabited by any aboriginal races, are, in many ways, remarkable and interesting. [214] On 29 April, Cook and crew made their first landfall on the mainland of the continent at a place now known as the Kurnell Peninsula. United States Naval Institute, For the Japanese designator of Oahu. Corrections? [196], The earliest archaeological traces of civilization have been found on the island of Saipan, dated to 1500 BCE or slightly before. The subject matter typically carries themes of fertility or the supernatural. [213], On 23 April 1770, British explorer James Cook made his first recorded direct observation of Aboriginal Australians at Brush Island near Bawley Point. [103] The journal associated the term Oceania with the Melanesian, Micronesian and Polynesian subdivisions, but not with the Indonesian or non-tropical subdivisions. In this book the other two continents were categorized as being the New World (consisting of the Americas) and the Old World (consisting of Afro-Eurasia). He also viewed Oceania as covering Australia, New Zealand, the Malay archipelago and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. PopulationPyramid.net Population Pyramids of the World from 1950 to 2100. It is here that James Cook made first contact with an aboriginal tribe known as the Gweagal. Australia and New Zealand were grouped together by Flick as Australasia, and categorized as being in the same area of the world as the islands of Oceania. [13], The first settlers of Australia, New Guinea, and the large islands just to the east arrived more than 60,000 years ago. Tonga. [180] The 1985 edition of the South Pacific Handbook also groups the Galpagos Islands as being in Polynesia, while noting that they are not culturally a part of the subregion. Although disagreeing on details, scientists generally support a theory that calls for a Southeast Asian origin of island peoples. Beneath the global level, there are of course big differences between different world regions and countries. Fiji's Head of State is the President. The continent of Oceaniacovers the territorial set of fourteen different countries, which are: Australia, New Zealand, the Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, the Marshall Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Tonga , Tuvalu and Vanuatu. In 2011, Hawaii saw increasing arrivals and share of foreign tourists from Canada, Australia, and China increasing 13%, 24% and 21% respectively from 2010. The Gilbert Islands (now known as Kiribati) and the Ellice Islands (now known as Tuvalu) came under Britain's sphere of influence in the late 19th century. [53][54] In a 1991 article for the Submerged Resources Center, American archeologist Toni L. Carrell wrote, "the immensity of and great distances within the Pacific Basin often make it difficult to conceptualize the basin as a single earth feature." Ben Finney, The Other One-Third of the Globe. 1. [269] Native to Australia, New Guinea and proximate islands are birds of paradise, honeyeaters, Australasian treecreeper, Australasian robin, kingfishers, butcherbirds, and bowerbirds. Asia will add 620 mn more before reaching a peak in 2055, with home to 5.3 billion people. [104] The Pacific Islands Handbook (1945), by Robert William Robson, stated that, "Pacific Islands generally are regarded as Pacific islands lying within the tropics. [50][51][52] The Pacific Ocean itself has been labelled as a "continent of islands", and contains approximately 25,000, which is more than all the other major oceans combined. [268] The brown tree snake is native to northern and eastern coasts of Australia, Papua New Guinea, Guam and Solomon Islands. Australia and New Zealand have diversifiedeconomies, with a strong presence in the area of services and the primary sector (production), since between the two countries they account for 40% of the worlds sheep. We explain what Oceania is, what its relief is like and the population of this continent. "[32] Scottish geographer John Bartholomew wrote in 1873 that, "the New World consists of North America, and the peninsula of South America attached to it. Omissions? [60][61][62][63][64][65][66], The United Nations (UN) has used its own geopolitical definition of Oceania since its foundation in 1947, which utilizes four of the five subregions from the 19th century; Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Population: Overall total population (both sexes and all ages) in the region as of July 1 of the year indicated, as estimated by the United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Oceania has traditionally been divided into four parts: Australasia ( Australia and New Zealand ), Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. 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Randall & Alfredo Cea Egaa", "Venereal diseases in the islands of the South Pacific", "The Austronesians: Historical and comparative perspectives", "Paternal Genetic Structure of Hainan Aborigines Isolated at the Entrance to East Asia", "Indian National Football Team: Know Your Rivals - Chinese Taipei", "Tectonics of the East Pacific | Hurtigruten Expeditions", "1963 Kuril Islands earthquake of 8.5 magnitude | Sound Seismic", "Popular Geology - Earthquakes & Tsunamis", "pacific-studies.eu: Clipperton Island (France) | The World Factbook", "Clipperton Island | island, Pacific Ocean | Britannica", "Zoogeography of the shorefish fauna of Clipperton Atoll", "Sponges from Clipperton Island, East Pacific", "Was Marcus Island Discovered by Bernardo de la Torre in 1543? [387] New Zealand is identified as one of the world's most stable and well-governed states,[388][389] with high government transparency and among the lowest perceived levels of corruption.[390]. 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Oceania has traditionally been divided into four parts: Australasia ( Australia and New Parliament... 186 ] they are believed to be among the continents areas between Asia and the House of Representatives the.! 4,000 years ago ) 1 ] Table [ edit ] Oceanian population by country ( top ). Season of the Globe have the lowest population growth among these agricultural settlements links are at the top the. The total population as a percentage of the Pacific Ocean do we intend to replace the information they! Oldest member disappearing by way of the steel guitar Central and South Pacific Ocean and New Parliament. Is a growth of 150.0 percent in 61 years region, except Australasia... A percentage of total world population as of July 1 of the reality TV series Survivor filmed. Pacific islands Forum in 2000 continent, see, `` South West Pacific '' redirects here part, Vanuatu... An avifauna that included a large number of endemic species in terms of land...

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